Lyrics

आ याहि शूर हरिभ्यां
सोमपानाय मघवन् ।
वृषणं हरी वहताम्
इन्द्र त्वा सूरचक्षसः ॥

इमा धाना घृतस्नुवः
हरी इहोप वक्षतः ।
इन्द्रं सुखतमे रथे
हरी त्वामिह वहताम् ॥

प्रातरिन्द्रं हवामहे
इन्द्रं प्रयत्यध्वरे ।
इन्द्रं सोमस्य पीतये
इन्द्रं सोमपानाय ॥

उप नः सुतमागहि
हरिभिः केशिभिः सह ।
सुते हि त्वा हवामहे
इन्द्र सोमस्य पीतये ॥

सेमं नः स्तोममागहि
उपेदं सवनं सुतम् ।
गौरो न तृषितः पिब
तृषितो गौः पिबेद् यथा ॥

इमे सोमास इन्दवः
सुतासो अधि बर्हिषि ।
तानिन्द्र सहसे पिब
शतक्रतो तान् पिब ॥

अयं ते स्तोमोऽग्रियो
हृदि स्पृगस्तु शंतमः ।
अथा सोमं सुतं पिब
इन्द्र सुतं सोमं पिब ॥

विश्वमित्सवनं सुतम्
इन्द्रो मदाय गच्छति ।
वृत्रहा सोमपीतये
मदाय सोमपानाय ॥

सेमं नः काममापृण
गोभिरश्वैः शतक्रतो ।
सुचिन्तया वयं स्तुमः
मघवन् त्वां वयं स्तुमः ॥

मघवन् त्वां वयं स्तुमः ॥
इन्द्रं सोमपानाय ॥

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Meaning and Word Forms

आ याहि शूर हरिभ्यां

सोमपानाय मघवन् ।
वृषणं हरी वहताम्
इन्द्र त्वा सूरचक्षसः ॥

Word Forms

• आ — directional particle; towards, hither. Used with √या to indicate coming towards the speaker.
• याहि — आ + √या (या, to go, come); second person singular imperative, parasmaipada — come hither.
• शूर — vocative singular of शूर (masculine) — O hero, O valiant one.
• हरिभ्याम् — instrumental dual of हरि (masculine) — with the two bay-coloured horses; Indra’s two steeds.
• सोमपानाय — dative singular of सोमपान (neuter compound: सोम + पान) — for drinking Soma, for Soma-drinking.
• मघवन् — vocative singular of मघवन् (possessor of wealth, munificence) — O generous one, O bountiful Indra.
• वृषणम् — accusative singular of वृषण (masculine) — vigorous one, mighty male, virile one. Derived from √वृष्, associated with strength and potency.
• हरी — nominative dual of हरि (masculine) — the two bay horses, the two steeds of Indra.
• वहताम् — √वह् (to carry, bear, convey); third person dual imperative, parasmaipada — let the two carry, let them bring.
• इन्द्र — vocative singular of इन्द्र — O Indra.
• त्वा — accusative singular pronoun, second person — you.
• सूरचक्षसः — associated with the compound सूर/सूर्य + चक्षस् — sun-eyed, bright-eyed.

Literal Meaning

Come hither, O hero, with your two bay steeds, O generous Indra, for drinking Soma.

Let the mighty steeds carry you, O Indra, the bright-eyed one.

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इमा धाना घृतस्नुवः

हरी इहोप वक्षतः ।
इन्द्रं सुखतमे रथे
हरी त्वामिह वहताम् ॥

Word Forms

• इमाः — nominative plural feminine of इदम् (demonstrative pronoun) — these.
• धानाः — nominative plural feminine of धाना — roasted or parched grains, offerings of grain.
• घृतस्नुवः — nominative plural feminine of घृतस्नु — flowing with ghee, streaming with clarified butter. A compound formed from घृत + √स्रु (to flow).
• हरी — nominative dual of हरि — the two bay steeds.
• इह — indeclinable adverb — here, hither.
• उप — preposition/adverb — towards, near.
• वक्षतः — form associated with √वह् (to carry, bring) — bringing or carrying towards.
• इन्द्रम् — accusative singular of इन्द्र — Indra.
• सुखतमे — locative singular of सुखतम (superlative of सुख) — in the most comfortable, most pleasant.
• रथे — locative singular of रथ (masculine) — in the chariot.
• हरी — nominative dual of हरि — the two bay steeds.
• त्वाम् — accusative singular of त्वद् — you.
• इह — indeclinable — here, hither.
• वहताम् — √वह्; third person dual imperative, parasmaipada — let the two carry, let them bring.

Literal Meaning

These parched grains, flowing with ghee, are here.

Let the two bay steeds bring [you] here.

Let the two steeds carry you, Indra, here in the most comfortable chariot.

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प्रातरिन्द्रं हवामहे

इन्द्रं प्रयत्यध्वरे ।
इन्द्रं सोमस्य पीतये
इन्द्रं सोमपानाय ॥

Word Forms

• प्रातः — indeclinable adverb — in the morning, at dawn.
• इन्द्रम् — accusative singular of इन्द्र — Indra.
• हवामहे — √ह्वे (to call, invoke); first person plural present tense, ātmanepada — we invoke, we call upon.
• प्रयति — locative singular of प्रयत् — in the purified, prepared or consecrated state. Associated with √यम् (to restrain, prepare) through the adjective प्रयत.
• अध्वरे — locative singular of अध्वर (masculine) — in the sacrifice, at the ritual.
• सोमस्य — genitive singular of सोम — of Soma.
• पीतये — dative singular of पीति (feminine) — for drinking, for the act of drinking. Derived from √पा (to drink).
• सोमपानाय — dative singular of सोमपान — for drinking Soma.

Literal Meaning

In the morning we invoke Indra.

We invoke Indra at the prepared sacrifice.

We invoke Indra for drinking Soma;
we invoke Indra for Soma-drinking.

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उप नः सुतमागहि

हरिभिः केशिभिः सह ।
सुते हि त्वा हवामहे
इन्द्र सोमस्य पीतये ॥

Word Forms

• उप — indeclinable particle — towards, near, hither.
• नः — genitive/dative plural of अस्मद् — our, of us, for us.
• सुतम् — accusative singular of सुत (masculine) — pressed, extracted; here referring to the pressed Soma.
• आगहि — आ + √गम् (to go, come); second person singular imperative, Vedic form — come hither, approach.
• हरिभिः — instrumental plural of हरि — with the bay horses.
• केशिभिः — instrumental plural of केशिन् (masculine) — with the maned ones, those possessing flowing manes.
• सह — indeclinable postposition — together with, accompanied by.
• सुते — locative singular of सुत — in the pressed Soma, at the Soma pressing.
• हि — indeclinable particle — indeed, surely, for.
• त्वा — accusative singular pronoun — you.
• हवामहे — √ह्वे; first person plural present, ātmanepada — we invoke, we call upon.
• इन्द्र — vocative singular — O Indra.
• सोमस्य — genitive singular of सोम — of Soma.
• पीतये — dative singular of पीति — for drinking.

Literal Meaning

Come to our pressed Soma, accompanied by your bay horses with flowing manes.

For indeed, we invoke you at the Soma pressing, O Indra, for drinking Soma.

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सेमं नः स्तोममागहि

उपेदं सवनं सुतम् ।
गौरो न तृषितः पिब
तृषितो गौः पिबेद् यथा ॥

Word Forms

• सेमम् — sandhi form of सः + इमम् — this, this very.
• नः — genitive/dative plural of अस्मद् — our, for us.
• स्तोमम् — accusative singular of स्तोम (masculine) — hymn of praise, laudation, collection of praises. From √स्तु (to praise).
• आगहि — आ + √गम्; second person singular imperative — come hither.
• उप — indeclinable — towards, near.
• इदम् — accusative singular neuter of इदम् — this.
• सवनम् — accusative singular of सवन (neuter) — Soma pressing, Soma-sacrificial session.
• सुतम् — accusative singular of सुत — pressed, extracted; pressed Soma.
• गौरः — nominative singular masculine of गौर — a gaur, wild ox or bull; also tawny-coloured one.
• न — Vedic particle used in comparisons — like, as.
• तृषितः — nominative singular masculine of तृषित — thirsty. Derived from √तृष् (to thirst).
• पिब — √पा (to drink); second person singular imperative, parasmaipada — drink.
• तृषितः — nominative singular masculine of तृषित — thirsty.
• गौः — nominative singular of गो (feminine) — cow.
• पिबेत् — √पा; third person singular optative, parasmaipada — may drink, would drink.
• यथा — indeclinable conjunction — just as, in the same manner as.

Literal Meaning

Come to this hymn of praise of ours.

Approach this Soma pressing, this pressed Soma.

Drink like a thirsty bull;
as a thirsty cow would drink.

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इमे सोमास इन्दवः

सुतासो अधि बर्हिषि ।
तानिन्द्र सहसे पिब
शतक्रतो तान् पिब ॥

Word Forms

• इमे — nominative plural masculine of इदम् — these.
• सोमासः — nominative plural of सोम — Somās, Soma offerings.
• इन्दवः — nominative plural masculine of इन्दु — Soma drops, Soma juices; also a name for Soma.
• सुतासः — nominative plural masculine of सुत — pressed, extracted.
• अधि — indeclinable preposition — upon, over, on.
• बर्हिषि — locative singular of बर्हिस् (neuter) — upon the sacred sacrificial grass, on the ritual seat.
• तान् — accusative plural masculine of तद् — those, them.
• इन्द्र — vocative singular — O Indra.
• सहसे — dative singular of सहस् (neuter) — for strength, for might, for power.
• पिब — √पा; second person singular imperative — drink.
• शतक्रतो — vocative singular of शतक्रतु — O possessor of a hundred powers or purposes; O Indra of a hundred mighty deeds.
• तान् — accusative plural masculine of तद् — those.
• पिब — √पा; second person singular imperative — drink.

Literal Meaning

These Soma drops, these pressed Soma juices, are placed upon the sacred grass.

Drink them, O Indra, for strength.

O Shatakratu, drink them; drink them.

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अयं ते स्तोमोऽग्रियो

हृदि स्पृगस्तु शंतमः ।
अथा सोमं सुतं पिब
इन्द्र सुतं सोमं पिब ॥

Word Forms

• अयम् — nominative singular masculine of इदम् — this.
• ते — genitive/dative singular of त्वद् — your, to you.
• स्तोमः — nominative singular masculine of स्तोम — hymn of praise, laudation. From √स्तु (to praise).
• अग्रियः — nominative singular masculine of अग्रिय — foremost, excellent, pre-eminent.
• हृदि — locative singular of हृद् (neuter) — in the heart.
• स्पृक् — nominative singular masculine of स्पृश्-related formation — touching, reaching, affecting.
• अस्तु — √अस् (to be); third person singular imperative, parasmaipada — let it be, may it become.
• शंतमः — nominative singular masculine, superlative formation from शम् (well-being, peace, happiness) — most auspicious, most beneficial, most conducive to well-being.
• अथा — Vedic indeclinable particle — then, thereafter, and now.
• सोमम् — accusative singular of सोम — Soma.
• सुतम् — accusative singular of सुत — pressed, extracted.
• पिब — √पा; second person singular imperative — drink.
• इन्द्र — vocative singular — O Indra.

Literal Meaning

May this foremost hymn of praise of yours reach your heart and be most auspicious.

Now drink the pressed Soma;
O Indra, drink the pressed Soma.

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विश्वमित्सवनं सुतम्

इन्द्रो मदाय गच्छति ।
वृत्रहा सोमपीतये
मदाय सोमपानाय ॥

Word Forms

• विश्वम् — accusative singular neuter of विश्व — all, entire, whole.
• इत् — Vedic indeclinable emphatic particle — indeed, surely.
• सवनम् — accusative singular neuter of सवन — Soma pressing, Soma-sacrificial session.
• सुतम् — accusative singular neuter of सुत — pressed, extracted.
• इन्द्रः — nominative singular masculine of इन्द्र — Indra.
• मदाय — dative singular of मद (masculine) — for exhilaration, for delight, for exhilaration through Soma.
• गच्छति — √गम् (to go); third person singular present, parasmaipada — goes, approaches.
• वृत्रहा — nominative singular masculine; compound वृत्र + हन् — slayer of Vṛtra. The second element is derived from √हन् (to slay).
• सोमपीतये — dative singular of सोमपीति (feminine compound सोम + पीति) — for drinking Soma, for Soma-drinking.
• मदाय — dative singular of मद — for exhilaration, for delight.
• सोमपानाय — dative singular of सोमपान — for drinking Soma.

Literal Meaning

Indra approaches the entire pressed Soma offering for exhilaration.

The slayer of Vṛtra comes for drinking Soma,
for exhilaration, for Soma-drinking.

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सेमं नः काममापृण

गोभिरश्वैः शतक्रतो ।
सुचिन्तया वयं स्तुमः
मघवन् त्वां वयं स्तुमः ॥

Word Forms

• सेमम् — sandhi form of सः + इमम् — this very, this.
• नः — genitive/dative plural of अस्मद् — our, for us.
• कामम् — accusative singular of काम (masculine) — desire, wish, aspiration, cherished object.
• आपृण — आ + √पृ (to fill, fulfil, satisfy); second person singular imperative, Vedic form — fulfil, fill completely, satisfy.
• गोभिः — instrumental plural of गो — with cows, with cattle, with wealth in the form of cattle.
• अश्वैः — instrumental plural of अश्व — with horses.
• शतक्रतो — vocative singular of शतक्रतु — O possessor of a hundred powers, O Indra of countless mighty deeds.
• सुचिन्तया — instrumental singular feminine of सुचिन्ता — with good thought, with wise consideration, with noble intention.
• वयम् — nominative plural of अस्मद् — we.
• स्तुमः — √स्तु (to praise); first person plural present tense, parasmaipada — we praise, we laud.
• मघवन् — vocative singular of मघवन् — O generous one, O possessor of wealth, O bountiful Indra.
• त्वाम् — accusative singular of त्वद् — you.
• वयम् — nominative plural of अस्मद् — we.
• स्तुमः — √स्तु; first person plural present tense — we praise, we laud.

Literal Meaning

Fulfil this desire of ours, O Shatakratu, with cows and horses.

With noble thought and wise intention, we praise you.

O generous Indra, we praise you.

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मघवन् त्वां वयं स्तुमः

इन्द्रं सोमपानाय ॥

Word Forms

• मघवन् — vocative singular of मघवन् — O generous one, O bountiful Indra.
• त्वाम् — accusative singular of त्वद् — you.
• वयम् — nominative plural of अस्मद् — we.
• स्तुमः — √स्तु (to praise); first person plural present tense, parasmaipada — we praise.
• इन्द्रम् — accusative singular of इन्द्र — Indra.
• सोमपानाय — dative singular of सोमपान — for drinking Soma.

Literal Meaning

O generous Indra, we praise you.

We invoke Indra for the drinking of Soma.

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Important Roots and Grammatical Notes

Root / Base	Meaning	Forms appearing in the hymn
√या	To go, come	याहि
√वह्	To carry, convey	वहताम्
√स्रु	To flow	घृतस्नुवः
√ह्वे	To call, invoke	हवामहे
√गम्	To go, approach	आगहि, गच्छति
√पा	To drink, protect (depending on the root and context)	पिब, पिबेत्
√तृष्	To thirst	तृषितः
√स्तु	To praise	स्तोमः, स्तुमः
√अस्	To be	अस्तु
√स्पृश्	To touch, reach	स्पृक्
√पृ	To fill, fulfil	आपृण
√हन्	To slay	वृत्रहा
√यम्	To restrain, control	प्रयत (through its derivative formation)
√वृष्	To be strong, potent	वृषणम्

Vedic Vocabulary

A few expressions in this hymn have particular significance in Vedic usage:

• हरि — Indra’s characteristic bay-coloured steeds, often described as golden or tawny.
• मघवन् — The generous and munificent one; a frequent epithet of Indra.
• शतक्रतु — The possessor of a hundred powers, designs or mighty deeds.
• इन्दु — A drop or luminous essence; frequently used for Soma.
• सवन — The ritual pressing and offering of Soma.
• बर्हिस् — The sacred grass spread as a seat for the deities during a sacrifice.
• वृत्रहा — The slayer of Vṛtra, one of Indra’s most celebrated Vedic epithets.
• मद — Exhilaration, delight or the ecstatic inspiration associated with Soma.

The repeated invocation of Soma-drinking is not merely an invitation to consume an offering. It expresses the Vedic relationship between the deity, the sacrifice, the hymn of praise and the ritual offering.

The hymn repeatedly calls Indra to the Soma pressing, accompanied by his celebrated steeds, and asks him to accept the offerings and grant strength, abundance and fulfilment.